The classic limit
Many traditional Windows APIs used MAX_PATH, commonly 260 characters including a terminating null character. Older programs—and some current ones—still behave as if that limit is fixed.
Extended-length UNC syntax
Windows provides an extended namespace. For a network path, the prefix changes from \\server\share to \\?\UNC\server\share.
\\?\UNC\fileserver\archive\very\deep\folder\file.ext
This syntax tells compatible Windows APIs to perform minimal path parsing and allows much longer paths. It is not a universal compatibility switch: the application must support it.
What to do in practice
- Keep folder and file names concise when many tools must share the data.
- Test the exact application, not only File Explorer.
- Enable long-path support where your Windows environment and applications allow it.
- Do not confuse path length with the maximum size of an individual filename component.